浅论气象术语标准研制的问题与对策

为避免气象术语中出现循环定义、定义不协调、定义与术语不匹配、定义重复术语名称或使用代词等问题,运用术语学原理分析,提出研制术语时要注意“语料收集、定义研制、术语分类、辨析关系”的对策建议,这对提高术语研制质量,增强表达交流效果,完善气象标准体系具有重要作用。     

丹霞地貌定义的认知路线图

2009年第7届国际地貌学大会上,由大会主席提议,国际地貌学家协会批准设立“IAG丹霞地貌工作组”。2010年第34届世界遗产大会“中国丹霞”成功申遗。这两大事件标志着中国土生土长的丹霞地貌走向了世界,登上了国际学术舞台。但是,丹霞地貌提出的原定义缺乏专业规范的科学表述,产生了不应有的认知误区,引起了后期丹霞地貌研究的诸多争议与国际地貌学界无法进行全球对比交流等弊端。文章梳理了丹霞地貌定义的专业缺陷、容易产生误解的术语及误区,运用科学抽象方法与认知路线图,对原定义去伪存真,遵循“分离—提纯—简化”的程序提取了丹霞地貌的本质特征和规律,提出了适用于全球对比的丹霞地貌科学定义:以流水侵蚀为主,并在重力崩塌、风化、溶蚀等外营力综合作用下,形成的以陡崖坡为坡面特征的红层地貌。     

Heritable changeability: Epimutation and the legacy of negative definition in epigenetic concepts

Epigenetic concepts are fundamentally shaped by a legacy of negative definition, often understood by what they are not. Yet the function and implication of negative definition for scientific discourse has thus far received scant attention. Using the term epimutation as exemplar, we analyze the paradoxical like-but-unlike structure of a term that must simultaneously connect with but depart from genetic concepts. We assess the historical forces structuring the use of epimutation and like terms such as paramutation. This analysis highlights the positive characteristics defining epimutation: the regularity, oxymoronic temporality, and materiality of stable processes. Integrating historical work, ethnographic observation, and insights from philosophical practice-oriented conceptual analysis, we detail the distinctive epistemic goals the epimutation concept fulfils in medicine, plant biology and toxicology. Epimutation and allied epigenetic terms have succeeded by being mutation-like and recognizable, yet have failed to consolidate for exactly the same reason: they are tied simultaneously by likeness and opposition to nouns that describe things that are assumed to persist unchanged over space and time. Moreover, negative definition casts the genetic-epigenetic relationship as an either/or binary, overshadowing continuities and connections. This analysis is intended to assist practitioners and observers of genetics and epigenetics in recognizing and moving beyond the conceptual legacies of negative definition.     

MOOCs时代图书馆的角色定位与服务创新

MOOCs作为一种全新理念的教育模式已引起图书馆界的广泛关注。阐述了MOOCs的定义及发展概况，分析了MOOCs对图书馆的影响，探讨了MOOCs时代图书馆的角色定位与服务创新。     

规模化经营对粮食生产的影响研究——基于空间计量模型的实证检验

规模化经营；粮食生产；空间杜宾模型；空间自回归模型；空间误差模型     

双参数广义几何分布的 Bayes 估计及其应用

考虑具有双参数结构广义几何分布的Bayes估计问题, 给出分布中参数Bayes估计的精确表达式, 并将该分布应用于短期聚合风险模型中, 提出一类新的聚合风险模型, 给出分布函数的相关性质及聚合理赔量的近似模型. 数值模拟结果验证了Bayes估计具有渐近无偏性与相合性. 最后将该结果应用于汽车保险索赔数据中, 得到了不同索赔次数下的保单数量拟合结果.     

自抗扰参数模糊自整定无刷直流电机控制研究

在电机控制当中,自抗扰控制器(ADRC)是提高系统鲁棒性的有效手段之一,但是其需整定的参数过多,不便于实际操作,本文结合模糊控制技术,对自抗扰控制器的参数进行自整定,不仅保持了ADRC原有的优良性能,而且提高了其自适应能力.同时结合无刷直流电机本身的特性,推导出了BLDCM作为被控对象的二阶状态方程,仅用一个参数模糊自整定的自抗扰控制器就实现了无刷直流电机的运行控制,保证了BLDCM控制系统结构的简单性.仿真表明,此控制系统对BLDCM的内部参数的摄动和外界扰动具有很强的自适应性和鲁棒性,并且结合实验验证了其可行性和有效性.     

Air cushion furnace technology for heat treatment of high quality aluminum alloy auto body sheet

The process characteristics of heat treatment of aluminum alloy auto body sheet and the working principle of air cushion furnace were introduced. The process position and irreplaceable role of air cushion furnace in the aluminum alloy auto body sheet production was pointed out after the difficulty and key points in the whole production process of auto body sheet were studied. Then the development process of air cushion furnace line of aluminum alloy sheet was reviewed, summarized and divided to two stages. Based on the research of air cushion furnace, the key technology of it was analyzed, then the key points on process, equipment and control models of air cushion furnace for aluminum alloy auto body sheet in future were put forward. With the rapid development of automotive industry, there will be certainly a new upsurge of research and application of air cushion furnace for heat treatment of aluminum alloy auto body sheet.     

互动型汽车商务实验教学平台的构建简

随着我国经济的高速发展,汽车保有量的不断增加,汽车后服务市场地位不断增强,由此带来了对汽车服务工程类人才在知识结构和能力素质方面的更高要求.依据宁波市应用型人才培养的整体发展思路,克服利用校外资源进行汽车商务实习存在的困难和问题,构建了互动型汽车商务实验教学平台,培养与提高学生汽车商务的实践动手能力.     

释“误译”

如果我们从莫斯科语义学派义素分析法对兼有动词义和名词义的概念“误译”进行分析,则“误译”的客观意义由它自身的概念语义和反映情景参与者的配价语义两方面组成,“主体、客体、受体、行为、结果”五要素是“误译”的语义配价,填上相应的题元词就构成“误译”的表层句法结构。由此得出“误译”的定义是人或机器在将甲语转化为乙语的过程中偏离、遗漏或歪曲甲语文化信息,导致译语与原语信息量不等,译语受众无法获得与原语受众极似的交际效果的活动。